Mizaj Advia (Temperament of Drugs)

 

Mizaj Advia (Temperament of Drugs)

The term temperament is derived from the Latin word “temperate,” which means to mix. However, Mizaj is an Arabic word and its literal meaning is “intermixture of components”. According to Ibn Sina “Mizaj is a quality produced by action and reaction of opposite qualities of components/basic constituents (Arkan) which are broken down in tiny particles to facilitate mixing of all particles. When these components interact by virtue of their respective powers (qualities), a condition is achieved which is found in equal proportion in entire components of a compound; this is called temperament."

Temperament of Drugs:

A.    Based on the equability of qualities there are two types of the temperament of drugs.

1.      Moderate temperament (Mizaj-e-Mu’tadil) of drugs: The drugs that possess moderate temperament are called dawa-e-Mu’tadil.

2.      Immoderate temperament (Mizaj-e-ghyr mu’tadil) of drugs: The drugs with immoderate temperament are called dawa-e-ghyr mu’tadil.

Based on the excess of the number of qualities, the immoderate temperament of drugs is further divided into two types –

I.                   Single Immoderate temperament (Mizaj-e-ghyr mu’tadil Mufrad): When any single faculty is present in an excess. It is of four subtypes –

a.      Hot Immoderate temperament (Mizaj-e-ghyr mu’tadil Haar)

b.      Cold Immoderate temperament (Mizaj-e-ghyr mu’tadil Barid)

c.       Dry Immoderate temperament (Mizaj-e-ghyr mu’tadil Yabis)

d.      Moist Immoderate temperament (Mizaj-e-ghyr mu’tadil Ratab)

II.                Compound Immoderate temperament (Mizaj-e-ghyr mu’tadil Murakkab): When a couple of quality, one active and another passive quality (Kaifyat Faiyla wo Kaifyat Munfaiyla) are present in excess. It is further divided into four subtypes -

a.      Hot-dry Immoderate temperament ((Mizaj-e-ghyr mu’tadil Haar-Yabis)

b.      Hot-moist Immoderate temperament ((Mizaj-e-ghyr mu’tadil Haar-Ratab)

c.       Cold-dry Immoderate temperament ((Mizaj-e-ghyr mu’tadil Barid-Yabis)

d.      Cold-moist Immoderate temperament ((Mizaj-e-ghyr mu’tadil Barid-Ratab)

 

Moderate Drug (Dawa-e- mu’tadil): The drug that after interacting with body heat produced such a new quality by their effective constituents which not causes any changes in body qualities and temperament that may result in deviation of normal moderate temperament (Mizaj-e-Mu’tadil tabyi) of the body. 

Immoderate drugs (Dawa-e-ghyr mu’tadil): These drugs produce an excess of quality or qualities by virtue of their effective particles in the body after interacting with body heat. This excess of qualities is contrary to the normal quality and moderate temperament of the body. these excesses of produced qualities are of eight types, four Singular qualities (Hararat, Baroodat, Ratoobat, and Yaboosat) and four compound qualities (Haar-Yabis, Haar-Ratab, Barid-Yabis, and Barid-Ratabb).

a.       Dawa-e-Haar: These drugs produce abnormal heat in the body after interacting with innate heat (harārate gharīziyya,).

b.      Dawa-e-Barid: These drugs cause abnormal coldness in the body after interacting with innate heat (harārate gharīziyya,).

c.       Dawa-e-Ratab: These drugs cause abnormal moistness in the body after interacting with innate heat.

d.      Dawa-e-Yabis: These drugs cause abnormal dryness in the body after interacting with innate heat.

e.       Dawa-e-Haar-Yabis: These drugs produce abnormal heat and dryness in the body after interacting with innate heat.

f.        Dawa-e-Haar-Ratab: These drugs produce abnormal hot-moist qualities in the body after interacting with innate heat.

g.      Dawa-e-Barid-Yabis: These drugs produce abnormal cold-dry qualities in the body after interacting with innate heat.

h.      Dawa-e-Barid-Ratab: These drugs produce abnormal cold-moist qualities in the body after interacting with innate heat.

B.     Based on origin there are two types of the temperament of drugs.

1.      Primary temperament (Mizaj-e-Uola): This particular temperament is produced by disintegration and admixing of basic components. It is also termed Mizaj -e-tabyi or Mizaj -e-asli. The drugs that possess this temperament are called “mufrad-ul-quwwa” drugs. This verity of drugs is infrequent.

2.      Secondary temperament (Mizaj-e-Sanvi): When two or more drugs of primary temperament intermix then a new temperament is produced called secondary temperament. In other words, when two or more mufrad-ul-quwwa drugs are mixed together then the product compound drugs get a new temperament called Secondary temperament. The drugs that hold the secondary temperament are called “murakkab-ul-quwwa” drugs. There are two types of secondary temperament’s drugs.

a.         Rigid secondary temperament (Mizaj-e-Sanvi mustahkim): The secondary temperament produced by intermixing of mufrad-ul-quwwa drugs is adamant and hard to disintegrates its components. For example, Brass (peetal) is a compound of aluminum (jast) and copper (tamba). Aluminum and copper have their own temperament, but when it intermixes together to form brass that gets a new temperament that is adamant and hard to disintegrate, hence this is called Rigid Secondary temperament.

b.         lenient secondary temperament (Mizaj-e-Sanvi ghair-mustahkim): The secondary temperament produced by intermixing of mufrad-ul-quwwa drugs is not adamant and can be disintegrated into its components. There are three varieties of lenient secondary temperament - Rikhu Mut’laq, Rikhu jiddan, and Rikhu ba-fraat.

Rikhu Mut’laq: The components of this secondary temperament’s drugs can be disintegrated by burning with fire. For example, Baboona has anti-inflammatory (mohalil) and astringent (Qabiz) property. If it burns on fire, it’s both properties split. 

Rikhu jiddan: This secondary temperament is more lenient than the temperament of Rikhu Mut’laq, hence its components disintegrated on boiling in water. For example, when masoor is boiled in water then its anti-inflammatory components dissolve in water whereas its astringent (Qabiz) components remain intact with masoor.

Rikhu ba-fraat: This secondary temperament is more lenient than the Rikhu Mut’laq and Rikhu jiddan. To disintegrates, its components don't need to boil or burn. Its components can be disintegrated easily by washing with water.  For example, When Kasni leaves are washed with water the salty component that has anti-inflammatory property is dissolves in water easily.