Ajzaay-e-Tarkeebiya / Constituents of drugs
Constituents (Ajzaay-e-Tarkeebiya)
of drugs
Every living organism is made up of
several organic and inorganic components, that have their own physical and
chemical properties. Hence almost all
drugs of plant and animal origin (Nabati wo Haywani) are basically of composite
composition (Murakkab-ul-Qua). Based on medicinal use, Unani scholars have
divided the constituents of plants and animal drugs into the following types.
Components of plants and animal
drugs:
1.
Carbohydrates
(shakariyat): These are the sweet components of
plant and animal-origin (Nabati wo Haywani) drugs.
2.
Proteins
(lehmiyat): These are complex organic
components found in both Nabati wo Haywani advia.
3.
Fats
(shehmiyat): The oils and fats of plant and
animal drugs are categorized in this group. Various types of fat-soluble
constituents are also found in it. For example Roghan-e-bedanjeer, ghee, fish
oil, etc.
4.
Salt
(namkiyat): These are the salty components of
drugs. traditionally this is obtained by ashes of burned parts of plants or
animals. Eg. - Namak-e-turb.
5.
Pigments
(launiya): Plants animals and microorganisms
are sources of natural pigments. Madder, Myrobalan, Pomegranate, Turmeric, Kachnar,
Tun, Dhao, Indigo,
Henna, Catechu, Saffron, and Patang are an example of natural pigments.
6.
Resins
(Ra’al): It is viscous liquid exudates of injured
bark of plants, soluble in various organic liquids but insoluble in water.
7.
Latexes
(simaghiyat): It is water soluble, milky exudates
of flowering plants and some fungi. It coagulates on exposure to air. Eg. -
Simagh-e-arabi, simagh-e-kateera.
8.
Acids
Components (Tursh mawad): These are
the compounds containing organic acids. the organic acid compounds of fruits
and vegetables are of medicinal use. Eg.
Aloo Bukhara, (Malic, quinic, aketoglutaric, oxalacetic,
citric, pyruvic, fumaric, lactic, succinic, Tartaric, Isocitric
acids are the example of organic acids).
9.
Alkali
Components (Ajzae Booraqiya): This component
is usually found in nabati advia. Ex- Nazroon.
10.
Fermenting
compounds (Ajzaay-e-khameer): These are the
fermentation-causing components of drugs.
11.
Wood
components (Ajzaay-e-khashbiya): These are the
woody substance that is found in the stem and root of the plant. Ex:-
Buraada-e-sandal, Burrada-e-aabnoos.
12.
Alkaloids
(jauhar-e-fa’al): Alkaloids are active components of
nabati advia that are the active principle of drugs. Ex- Jauhar-e-afyun,
sath-e-pudina, sath-e-kafoor.
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