Neem-Jamid advia (Semi Solid form of drugs)

   Neem-Jamid advia (Semi Solid form of drugs)

Neem Jamid (Semi-Solid) Advia: These drugs are in form of neither solid nor liquid. These are viscus in consistency.

1.      Majoon / Sarishta (Confection): This was introduced by Egyptians. Hakeem Hurmus is said to be the inventor of this form of drug. Generally, Majoon is called for all those preparations, that are a product of drug’s powder and sugar solution (qiwam). Word Majun is derived from Ajn, which means to mix well.  For the preparation of majoon, the powder of drugs is mixed well in a particular consistency of solution of sugar (qiwam) or honey. The nomenclature of majoon is based on chief ingredients or action or inventor. Like, Majoon Sheikhurrais is named on its inventor. Majoon Mullein is named due to laxative property. Majoon Azaraqi, as Azaraqi is the chief ingredient. So Itrifal, Jawarish Anooshdaru, Yaqooti, Bershasha are all Majoon but according to composition, use, ingredient, preparation method, and other properties, their names are different.

2.      Anushdaru: It is also a type of majoon. Its chief ingredient is Amla (fruit of Emblica officinalis). Anushdaru is a Persian word, that means digestive. It is used in the gastrointestinal system to improve digestion. It is also called Panjnosh/ Fanjnosh or Athiya-e-ilahi. It is prepared with five ingredients as Haleela, Balela, Amla, Khabsul Hedeed (Iran rust), and honey. It is of Indian origin and Hakeem Yaqoob Al-Kindi, So it is also called Majoon Kindi /Arsh-e-kindi.

3.      Itrifal: The word Itrifal is derived from the Sanskrit word Triphala means three fruits. Haleela, Balela, Amla are their essential ingredients. Some scholars believe that it is of Indian origin. But some consider that it is of Greek origin and Indrumakhas is its inventor. According to ingredients certain names are given as Itrifal Ustokhuddoos, Itrifal kishneezi.

4.      Barshasha: it is an Arabic word that means "to cure at once or cure in one hour". It is a primeval form of drug that is also called majoon-e-barsh. Its inventor is Jalinoos (Galen) and juz-e-azam is Afyun (opium). It is used in the saudawi amraz (melancholic disease), like gout and arthritis.

5.      Jawarish: It is a type of majoon. Word Jawarish is derived from the Arabic word Gawarish, which means digestive. Its consistency is more liquid than majoon. Jawarish is made for the treatment of diseases of the digestive system. It acts slowly because its powder is coarser than majoon. Examples: Jawarish Jaleenus. Jawarish Kamaumi etc.

6.      Khameera (Fermented confection): This form of compound drug was introduced by the Indian Hakeem of the Mughal period. This is also a type of Majoon. There is no description of this compound in Arabic or Greek literature. Khameer means fermented, this form is called Khameera because fermentation gets started after some days of its preparation. In its preparation, Joshanda (decoction) of desired drugs are mixed with sugar or honey and triturated till it becomes white in color in presence of air. Khameera is generally used in the treatment of cardiac ailments. Drugs used for heart diseases are made in such a form as they are absorbed rapidly and act quickly. In the preparation of khameera herbal drugs are used in form of Joshanda, and other animals/ mineral drugs are mixed either by making a solution in aqua or microfine power as required. Generally, the nomenclature of Khameera is based on their chief ingredient, like Khameera Abresham, Khameera Gaozaban, etc

7.      Mufarreh: It is also a type of majoon that contains more scented drugs. It is generally of two types Mufarreh har and Mufarreh barid. When hot temperament constituents are more than cold temperament, it is Mufarreh har and if cold temperament constituents are dominant then it is Mufarreh barid. A moderate state is also produced in its preparation when hot and cold constituents are equal then it is Mufarreh motadil. Other Mufarrehat are Mufarreh sheikhurrais, Mufarreh aazam and Mufarreh yaqooti et

8.      Zarooni: Zara means seed. This is also a type of majoon. its constituents are mainly seeds, hence, it is called Zarooni. Some scholars called Zargon means golden color’. This compound drug improves strength, and health and strengthens the normal functioning of the body. It also improves the quantity and quality of blood due to which the body attains a shine like gold. It is used in backaches, oligospermia, and diseases of the kidney. Two main compounds are prepared as one Jawarish Zarooni saada and Jawarish Zarooni ambari.

9.      Dawaulmisk: It is a scented drug and pleasant in taste. Musk is the chief ingredient. It is used in cardiac, gastric, and brain ailments. It acts as an adaptogenic or immunomodulator. Example: Dawaulmisk motadil.

10.  Laboob (Pulp): Lub is called Maghz (pulp) of dry fruits. This formulation contains dry fruits so it is called laboob. It is generally used to improve male reproductive capability and strengthen the genital organs. Laboob kabir, Laboob sagheer, Laboob barid etc.

11.  Yaqooti: This formulation has yaqoot (Ruby) as the chief ingredient. It is a tonic for vital organs. Example: Yaqooti sada, Yaqooti motadil, Yaqooti haar, Yaqooti barid etc

12.  Tiryaaq: This form of the compound drug is prepared to nullify the toxic effect of a drug or a poison. It acts by protecting the rooh (pneuma) of the body. This is a quick-acting form of the drug. Ex: tiryaaq-e-arba

13.  Gulqand, Gulshakar, Julanjbeen, or Gulangbeen: This is also a form of preservation. In this form flower petals are preserved in sugar or honey. The petals of roses or other flowers are rubbed with sugar or honey and placed in sunlight. After a few days, it becomes homogenous. If these are placed in sunlight then it is called Gulqand Aftabi. When they are placed in moonlight, they are called Gulqand Mahtabi.

14.  Laooq (Linctus): It is a drug, which is prepared in syrup form but its consistency is thicker than syrup and thinner than majoon. It was invented by Galen. This is prepared by mixing the powder of drugs with honey or sugar solution in a specific consistency. It is used for the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system. This drug is used by ticking. Examples: Laooq Sapistan, Laooq Katan, Laooq Nazli, Laooq Sapistan Khyarshambari etc.

15.  Halwa (Sweet): It may be solid or semisolid. It is prepared with sugar, oil, and flour of wheat or rice in which other drugs are added. Example, Halva salab, Halva Gheekwar, etc

16.  Hareera (Liquid nutritious diet): It is a type of liquid nutritious diet used in low doses. It is prepared generally from the pulp of dry fruits, soji, and ghee. Example: Hareera badam.

17.  Falooda, Falozaj (Semisolid nutritious diet): It is generally prepared from carbohydrates (nashasta), milk, and water. It is given to patients for rapid recovery from debility diseases.

18.  Zimad, laip (Paste): This form of the semisolid drug is for external application. It is an invention of ancient Egyptians and was also used in Greece. Its nomenclature is based on its chief ingredient and/ or the inventor's name. example: Zimad Alsi, Zimad Rai, etc

19.  Marham (Ointment): This semisolid form is also prepared for external application. These are generally prepared in wax or fat base. This formulated is in use since before the Hippocratic era. It is used in diseases of the skin and mucus membrane. Examples: Marham Hina, Marham Zangar, Marham Dakhleun, Marham Ral, etc.

20.  Qeruti (Paste for thorax): It is prepared in wax and oil base. This form of the drug is for external application on the disease of the thoracic cavity. These are named on their chief ingredients (juz-e-azam). Example: Qeruti Arad Krisna, Qeruti Arad Baqla, are examples.

21.  Lazooq wa Lasooq (thick sticky drug): It is a thick and sticky form of drug applied over the affected organ or part by making a layer either on cloth or paper. Example: Zimad Baboona, Zimad Ushq, etc.

22.  Natookh (Liquid paste): It is a type of paste but more liquid than paste for external use. Sometimes these three words are spoken as synonyms of lazooq, lasooq and Natookh. Sometimes these drugs are made in solid form and preserved. At the time of use, these are heated to liquefy into semi-solid form.

23.  Fateela (Bougie): Roll of cloth or cotton dipped in liquid or thin consistency drug introduced in natural or unnatural openings of the body.