Saiyal Advia (Liquid forms of drugs)

 

Saiyal Advia (Liquid forms of drugs)

1.      Khesanda, Nuqoo, Manqoo, Naqee (Infusion): It is a liquid preparation that is obtained by soaking and shaking well the drugs in a sufficient amount of water for a prescribed period. Material is shacked as per indication, filtered and the filtrate is called Khesanda.

2.      Joshanda (Decoction): Herbal drugs boiled in water for a prescribed period and filtered, the filtrate is called Joshanda. One or a few drugs are crushed and soaked in water and left for a particular time, boiled then filtered. This filtrate is decoction. It is also called Tabeekh or Matbookh. If the decoction of roots is prepared, then it is called Maulusool and if it is prepared from seed it is called maul buzoor.

3.      Zulal: if only volatile parts of drugs are to be obtained. For the preparation of zulal, the ingredient drugs are soaked in water. It is neither boiled nor shacked. The water is separated gently. This is called Zulal. As Zulal Tamar Hindi, Zulal Aloo Bukhara, Zulal Gill makhtoom etc.

4.      Luabat (Mucilage): There are some drugs that when soaked in water liberate mucilage and make water mucilaginous. It is filtered and mucilage is used as medicine. Behidana, Resha Khatmi, berg Gaozaban, Aspghol, etc. are mucilaginous drugs that liberate mucilage when soaked in water.

5.      Haleeb, Sheera: Some drugs are ground with water and then used. Their appearance becomes milky, generally, it is prepared from dry fruits such as Sheera maghz Badam, Sheera Tukhme Kahu. If Haleeb is prepared then the oil is mixed with the mucilage of the drug and shacked well.

6.      Mazeej : When some drugs are simply mixed in water/oil then these solutions are called mazeej. Mucilage and Sheera are also mazeej because they are mixed with water for use.

7.      Mehlool (Solution): Some drugs are soluble in water or other liquid, if such drugs are dissolved in water or some other aqua then this solution is called mehlool. Sometimes, some microfine powder is also called mehlool. Like Sadaf mehlool, Marvareed mehlool.

8.      Sharbat (Syrup): It is a sweet syrup compound, which is prepared from Decoction, infusion, and extract of either dry fruits or herbs or seeds, etc

9.      Dayaqoozah: It is a sharbat prepared out of “khashkhash musallam neem kofta” and then the safoof of other drugs is mixed with it. Dayaqoozah means sharbat-e-khaskhash in Greek. It is useful for cough and other respiratory diseases.

10.   Sikanjbeen: This form of the compound drug was invented by Feesaghorus (Py-Thagorus). Sikanjbeen is prepared from two chief ingredients, Sirka (Acetic acid) and Angbeen (Honey).  In place of honey, sugar is also used. When it is prepared with sugar called Sikanjbeen saada. Its nomenclature is based on dominating drugs. example: Sikanjbeen usooli, Sikanjbeen bazoori, Sikanjbeen favakiha, Sikanjbeen lemony.

11.  Sharab / Khamar (Wine): It is prepared from carbohydrate-containing material such as grapes. it is obtained by fermentation and distillation process. In low doses, it is a cardiac, brain stimulant. In excess doses, it acts as a depressant.

12.  Nabeez: It is fermented undistilled liquid. It is prepared from grapes, dates, and dry dates. It does not have the effect of intoxication. It is also called Darbehrra in Hindi. Example: Asav, Nabeez tamar, Nabeez faulad.

13.  Usara, Afshurdah (Extract): Extract, juice, or watery material of herbal drugs or fruits is called extract. It may be dried by heat then it is called Rub or Usara. It can be used in its original as in liquid form or dried form. Example: Rubbussoos, Rubbe behi, Rasaut, Usara Revand.

14.  Rooh (Essence): Drug aqua with minimum water contents. Example: Rooh Gulab, Rooh kewra, etc

15.  Sirka: Sweet extract/juice, if left at a slightly raised temperature, after some days fermentation takes place and it becomes acidic. It is made from sugarcane Juice, grape juice, and jambul, its taste is acidic, and its Smell is pungent, color reddish-green. If it is distilled it becomes colorless.

16.  Abkama, Sirka Hindi, Mari, and Kanji: It is similar to Sirka but different in ingredients. If Rai, Namak, Ajwain are left in the water at a slightly raised temperature for a few days, it becomes acidic. It can also be prepared with several other methods.

17.  Maul jubn (Whey): It is a watery part of milk. Jubn is an Arabic word that means Paneer (Cheese), which is obtained by separating condensed and watery matter of milk. For medicinal purposes, Maul jubn is obtained from goat milk. It is prepared from milk, which is obtained after about 40 days of childbirth. It is prepared by boiling this milk in a pot and when boiling starts, add a few drops of lemon Juice, milk separates into condensed and watery parts. Both are obtained separately. The watery part is called Maul jubn.

18.  Maul-asl (Hydromel): It is obtained by boiling a mixture of honey and water in a 1:4 ratio. In place of water, some other aqua may also be used. When it is prepared with rose water it is called Julab or Gule-ab. If some other drugs are mixed in this preparation called Maul-asl murakkab.

19.  Maul-lehem (Mutton Soup): It is prepared from meat. It is simply boiled in water. A watery part of cooked meat is obtained, which is called Maul-lehem.

20.  Ma-ush-shaeer (Barley water): This is prepared by cooking barley grain in water. for the prepration of Ma-ush-shaeer, Healthy fresh barley grains are soaked in water then their outer coat (husk) that is seed coat is removed by pestle and mortar. These seeds without seed coats are called Jau muqash-shar. These Jau muqashs-sher are taken 20 grams and boiled in 240 ml of water (1:12) till water attains thick consistency then filtered it. This filtrate is called Ma-ush-shaeer. If meat is added to it, is called Ma-ush-shaeer Mulham. If barley is roasted before boiling, it is called Ma-ush-shaeer Muhammas.

21.   Ma-ul baqool (Herbal extract): It is obtained by crushing herbs/ vegetables by the squeezed method. The extract obtained is called maul baqool. Example: ab-e- Berg Mako, ab-e- berg kasni, Kadu, Kahu, and other vegetables.

22.  Ma-ul favakiha (Fruit Juice): It is fruit Juice obtained from fruits by any method. Example: Aab Anar, Aab Angoor Aab terbooz, etc.

23.   Nutool (Irrigation): it is not a form of the drug rather it is the mode of application of externally applicable liquid drugs. If any liquid form of a drug like Joshanda, Khesanda, or solution, in a hot/cold state, is poured from a distance on a particular part of the body for therapeutic purposes is called Nutool. Generally, warm Nutool is used to reduce inflammation or pain.

24.  Sakob (Effusion or Decantation): Sakob means pouring water or liquid drugs. if any liquid form of drugs such as joshanda, Khesanda, or simply cold or hot water is poured on a particular organ from an ordinary distance is called sakob. Sakob is used in meningitis and insanity. There is not much difference between sakob and Nutool. The difference between sakob and Nutool is that in sakob liquid drugs are poured in less quantity repeatedly, but in nutool watery preparation is poured continuously from a particular distance.

25.  Ghusool (Wash lotion): Those liquid forms of drugs, which are used to wash or clean wounds or any part of the body are known as ghusool.

26.  Abzan, Hamam Juloosi (Sitz bath): when a patient is advised to sit in a tub filled with either hot water or hot/cold decoction of drugs (Joshanda or Khesanda). Generally, these are used for the ailment of urogenital organs and the lower intestine.

27.  Pashoya, Ghusle qadam (Footbath): When feet are placed in either Joshanda/Khesanda or hot water and material is rubbed on lower leg muscles is called pashoya.

28.  . Huqna (Enema): Liquid drugs introduced through the anus. These are used generally to evacuate the anal canal but some drugs are used for other ailments too.

29.   Nazooh (Spray): When any liquid drug is sprayed by keeping it in a specific vessel on particular body parts is called nazooh. Example: rose aqua, kewra aqua, simply cold water, etc

30.  Wajoor (Throat drop): This form of the liquid drug is dropped in the throat is called wajoor. It may be administered by dropper or by spoon-like utensils.

31.   Zarooq (application by syringe): The liquid form of drugs, that are introduced in the ear, nose, vagina, and urethra by syringe, like Zarooq Anfi, Zarooq uzni, Zarooq Ahleeli etc.

32.  Saoot (Nasal drop): Oily or liquid preparation of a drug dropped in the nose by a dropper is called saoot.

33.   Nashooq: This is a volatile liquid drug that is sucked in the nose. Sometimes the powdered drug is also sucked by the nose, it is also called Nashooq.

34.  Tila (Liniment): Diluted oily or liquid drug forms rubbed or applied tropically on a particular part of the body are called tila. Specifically, tila is prepared to apply on the penis. In consistency, it is thicker than roghan and thinner than zimad.

35.  Maravvakh: This word is derived from samreekh, which means rub. Oily or liquid preparation is applied on a particular part of the body by rubbing is called maravvkh.

36.  Masooh: when a drug is applied on the body gently with a hand. This is done at beginning of the massage.

37.  Dalook (Rubbing agent): When the drug in either watery or oily preparation is rubbed on the body during dalak (massage). There are many kinds of dalak, like dalak Qavi, Dalk Leyyin, Dalak Khashn, etc.

38.  Dohan, Adhan, Roghan (Oils): These are water-insoluble liquids. This drug is used in various ways externally or internally.

39.  Mazmaza (Rinse): This liquid form of the drug is used only in the oral cavity but does not reach the throat. The drugs are taken in the mouth and then spit out.

40.  Mazmaza (Rinse): Such watery drugs, are used only in the oral cavity but do not reach the throat. The drugs are taken in the mouth and then spit out.

41.  Khizab (Hair dye): Khizab is the drug used to dye hairs, it may be in liquid semi-solid, or solid forms. Example: Hina paste

42.  Sabagh, Sabigh: These drugs colored the skin. drugs are applied on leucoderma spots are an example. These may be either liquid, semi-solid or solid forms.